如果不考虑旋轨耦合,跃迁偶极矩查看,参考:跃迁偶极矩
跃迁偶极矩,并非激发态的偶极矩。激发态的偶极矩,是指根据激发态的电子分布得到的偶极矩。可以认为是偶极算符左乘以激发态、右乘以激发态,而跃迁偶极矩,则一边乘以激发态,一边乘以基态。
设置方式:AMSinput > Main > Relativity设置为spin-orbit,同时AMSinput > Properties > Excitations(UV/VIS),CD > Type of excitations: Spin-Orbit(SCF)。这种算法,基态的电子轨道已经考虑了SOC,激发态也自然考虑了SOC。
计算完毕,在out文件中搜索“Transition dipole moments mu”即可看到各个激发态的跃迁偶极矩。
如果是用Spin-Orbit(Purterbative),需要有这些概念:
在out文件里面,先列出了在不考虑旋轨耦合这个“微扰”的情况下,单重态激发能(默认计算10个S态)、三重态激发能(默认计算10个T态),然后列出考虑旋轨耦合微扰后的激发能(这时候,就有40个激发态了,因为10个单重态、以及三重简并的10个三重态由于旋轨耦合的原因,简并的情况消失了,分裂成30个态,所以总共40个态。在计算旋轨耦合矩阵元的时候,还会列出S0态,激发能为0。因此总共41个态)。
微扰之后的激发能和微扰前的激发能,当然有微弱差异。至于它的主要组分是三重态还是单重态?Response Properties > All Spin-Orbital Coupling Excitation Energies,回滚进度条可以看到“Major single group excitation contributions for the above excitations”,列出了所有激发态的组分单三重态属性。
计算完毕,在out文件中搜索“Transition dipole moments mu”即可查看。但与前面两种情况不同,这种情况下,会有两处提供跃迁偶极矩(当然如果有N个不可约表示,则有2N处):
************************************************************************** ***** STARTING CALCULATION OF SINGLET-SINGLET EXCITATION ENERGIES ****** ************************************************************************** ………………省略………… Symmetry A Excitation energies E in a.u. and eV, dE wrt prev. cycle, oscillator strengths f in a.u. no. E/a.u. E/eV f dE/a.u. ----------------------------------------------------- 1 0.25458 6.9275 0.43011E-01 0.35E-12 2 0.30992 8.4333 0.10607 0.31E-11 3 0.34436 9.3705 0.72006E-08 0.78E-12 4 0.41288 11.235 0.67542E-01 0.54E-09 5 0.51364 13.977 0.27834 0.38E-09 6 0.64137 17.452 0.12675 0.66E-11 7 0.87617 23.842 0.17515 0.25E-10 8 0.88779 24.158 0.23230E-05 0.17E-09 9 0.91733 24.962 0.27154E-02 0.22E-08 10 0.96710 26.316 0.12752E-01 0.16E-09 Transition dipole moments mu (x,y,z) in a.u. (weak excitations are not printed) no. E/eV f mu (x,y,z) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 6.9275 0.43011E-01 0.49446 0.41934E-02 -0.94378E-01 2 8.4333 0.10607 -0.77631E-01 0.60267 -0.37963 4 11.235 0.67542E-01 -0.75874E-01 -0.26783 -0.40975 5 13.977 0.27834 -0.13805 -0.48782 -0.74554 6 17.452 0.12675 -0.58920E-01 0.45794 -0.28855 7 23.842 0.17515 -0.53786 -0.44572E-02 0.10269 9 24.962 0.27154E-02 0.73633E-02 -0.56167E-01 0.35088E-01 10 26.316 0.12752E-01 0.15099E-01 -0.11857 0.74103E-01
以上以“STARTING CALCULATION OF SINGLET-SINGLET EXCITATION ENERGIES”开头,表示在计算S → S激发,然后列出N个激发态的激发能,以及N个激发态对应的跃迁偶极矩。
************************************************************************** * * * Final excitation energies with spin-orbit coupling effect * * * ************************************************************************** Total number of excitations printed = 40 The energy shift = 0.20000 The lower energy limit = 0.96710 The high energy limit = 1.16710 Symmetry A Excit. no.: 41 Matrix dim.: 40 Total dim.: 40 The ground state energy correction: 0.00000 a.u. -0.00002 eV Excitation energies E under spin-orbital coupling in a.u. and eV Excitation energies include ground state energy correction no. E/a.u. E/eV f ---------------------------------------- 1 0.0000 0.0000 0.000 2 0.2331 6.3417 0.1139E-14 3 0.2331 6.3417 0.8270E-06 4 0.2331 6.3417 0.1932E-05 5 0.2546 6.9274 0.4301E-01 6 0.2851 7.7571 0.2622E-14 7 0.2851 7.7571 0.1003E-05 8 0.2851 7.7571 0.4826E-05 9 0.3099 8.4333 0.1061 10 0.3290 8.9534 0.1251E-06 11 0.3290 8.9534 0.8537E-06 12 0.3290 8.9534 0.2152E-05 13 0.3444 9.3704 0.6930E-08 14 0.3765 10.2463 0.2106E-07 15 0.3765 10.2463 0.1624E-05 16 0.3765 10.2463 0.6967E-12 17 0.4129 11.2350 0.6754E-01 18 0.4773 12.9877 0.5684E-14 19 0.4773 12.9877 0.1292E-06 20 0.4773 12.9877 0.2348E-06 21 0.5136 13.9768 0.2783 22 0.5574 15.1684 0.2610E-14 23 0.5574 15.1684 0.1945E-09 24 0.5574 15.1684 0.1484E-05 25 0.6414 17.4525 0.1268 26 0.8340 22.6933 0.4675E-08 27 0.8340 22.6933 0.4727E-12 28 0.8340 22.6933 0.2021E-07 29 0.8711 23.7043 0.4588E-03 30 0.8711 23.7047 0.1439E-08 31 0.8711 23.7047 0.4748E-13 32 0.8743 23.7909 0.6443E-03 33 0.8743 23.7911 0.3909E-09 34 0.8743 23.7912 0.1187E-08 35 0.8762 23.8424 0.1740 36 0.8878 24.1580 0.2334E-05 37 0.9116 24.8049 0.1507E-05 38 0.9116 24.8050 0.2706E-06 39 0.9116 24.8050 0.3265E-10 40 0.9173 24.9621 0.2714E-02 41 0.9671 26.3162 0.1275E-01 Transition dipole moments mu (x,y,z) in a.u. (weak excitations are not printed) Symmetry A no. E/eV f Re mu (x,y,z) Im mu (x,y,z) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 6.3417 0.82703E-06 -0.35334E-03 -0.12481E-02 -0.19080E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 4 6.3417 0.19321E-05 0.38167E-03 -0.29665E-02 0.18681E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 5 6.9274 0.43006E-01 -0.49444 -0.41951E-02 0.94373E-01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 7 7.7571 0.10027E-05 0.35180E-03 0.12428E-02 0.18994E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 8 7.7571 0.48265E-05 0.49499E-02 0.42130E-04 -0.94491E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 9 8.4333 0.10606 0.77630E-01 -0.60266 0.37963 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 10 8.9534 0.12514E-06 -0.74192E-03 -0.63633E-05 0.14155E-03 0.24350E-08 0.0000 -0.46457E-09 11 8.9534 0.85370E-06 -0.21341E-03 0.16596E-02 -0.10451E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 12 8.9534 0.21519E-05 0.47973E-03 0.16934E-02 0.25908E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 13 9.3704 0.69300E-08 0.12608E-03 0.11910E-03 0.10286E-04 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 14 10.246 0.21057E-07 0.28448E-03 0.25437E-05 -0.54286E-04 -0.20522E-08 0.0000 0.39152E-09 15 10.246 0.16238E-05 0.27552E-03 -0.21391E-02 0.13479E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 17 11.235 0.67541E-01 -0.75874E-01 -0.26783 -0.40974 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 19 12.988 0.12916E-06 -0.62581E-03 -0.53642E-05 0.11937E-03 -0.39204E-08 0.0000 0.74770E-09 20 12.988 0.23482E-06 -0.93169E-04 0.72235E-03 -0.45552E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 21 13.977 0.27834 -0.13805 -0.48782 -0.74553 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 24 15.168 0.14836E-05 -0.30600E-03 -0.10809E-02 -0.16523E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 25 17.452 0.12675 -0.58920E-01 0.45794 -0.28855 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 28 22.693 0.20215E-07 0.21158E-04 -0.16024E-03 0.10116E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 29 23.704 0.45882E-03 -0.27608E-01 -0.22825E-03 0.52712E-02 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 32 23.791 0.64430E-03 0.32657E-01 0.27029E-03 -0.62351E-02 -0.10547E-08 0.0000 0.20138E-09 35 23.842 0.17405 -0.53616 -0.44379E-02 0.10237 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 36 24.158 0.23340E-05 -0.19608E-02 -0.17659E-03 0.25985E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 37 24.805 0.15072E-05 -0.17478E-03 0.13274E-02 -0.82924E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 38 24.805 0.27062E-06 -0.65545E-03 -0.54731E-05 0.12516E-03 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 40 24.962 0.27145E-02 -0.73594E-02 0.56161E-01 -0.35078E-01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 41 26.316 0.12752E-01 0.15099E-01 -0.11857 0.74103E-01 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 no. E/eV f |mu| (x,y,z) ---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 6.3417 0.82703E-06 0.35334E-03 0.12481E-02 0.19080E-02 4 6.3417 0.19321E-05 0.38167E-03 0.29665E-02 0.18681E-02 5 6.9274 0.43006E-01 0.49444 0.41951E-02 0.94373E-01 7 7.7571 0.10027E-05 0.35180E-03 0.12428E-02 0.18994E-02 8 7.7571 0.48265E-05 0.49499E-02 0.42130E-04 0.94491E-03 9 8.4333 0.10606 0.77630E-01 0.60266 0.37963 10 8.9534 0.12514E-06 0.74192E-03 0.63633E-05 0.14155E-03 11 8.9534 0.85370E-06 0.21341E-03 0.16596E-02 0.10451E-02 12 8.9534 0.21519E-05 0.47973E-03 0.16934E-02 0.25908E-02 13 9.3704 0.69300E-08 0.12608E-03 0.11910E-03 0.10286E-04 14 10.246 0.21057E-07 0.28448E-03 0.25437E-05 0.54286E-04 15 10.246 0.16238E-05 0.27552E-03 0.21391E-02 0.13479E-02 17 11.235 0.67541E-01 0.75874E-01 0.26783 0.40974 19 12.988 0.12916E-06 0.62581E-03 0.53642E-05 0.11937E-03 20 12.988 0.23482E-06 0.93169E-04 0.72235E-03 0.45552E-03 21 13.977 0.27834 0.13805 0.48782 0.74553 24 15.168 0.14836E-05 0.30600E-03 0.10809E-02 0.16523E-02 25 17.452 0.12675 0.58920E-01 0.45794 0.28855 28 22.693 0.20215E-07 0.21158E-04 0.16024E-03 0.10116E-03 29 23.704 0.45882E-03 0.27608E-01 0.22825E-03 0.52712E-02 32 23.791 0.64430E-03 0.32657E-01 0.27029E-03 0.62351E-02 35 23.842 0.17405 0.53616 0.44379E-02 0.10237 36 24.158 0.23340E-05 0.19608E-02 0.17659E-03 0.25985E-03 37 24.805 0.15072E-05 0.17478E-03 0.13274E-02 0.82924E-03 38 24.805 0.27062E-06 0.65545E-03 0.54731E-05 0.12516E-03 40 24.962 0.27145E-02 0.73594E-02 0.56161E-01 0.35078E-01 41 26.316 0.12752E-01 0.15099E-01 0.11857 0.74103E-01
以上,以“Final excitation energies with spin-orbit coupling effect ”开头表示下面是SOC微扰后的结果,首先列出N个激发态的激发能、振子强度,然后列出激发能、跃迁偶极矩(包括实部Re mu (x,y,z)共三列、虚部IM mu (x,y,z)共三列),然后列出N个激发态的激发能、振子强度、跃迁偶极矩的模共三列。