我们常听到“不收敛”这个词。不收敛有两种:
关于2,我们用一个结构优化的例子中的日志文件来说明:
Coordinates in Geometry Cycle 1 Atom X Y Z (Angstrom) 1.H 0.000000 0.000000 -1.528043 2.C 0.000000 0.000000 0.615438 3.N 0.000000 0.000000 -0.565039 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> CORORT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> CLSMAT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> ORTHON <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> GENPT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> Block Length= 128 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> PTBAS <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> >>>> CYCLE <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> |Error| MaxErr Wt(A-DIIS) <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> 1 0.95855736 0.26560585 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> 2 0.62596424 0.21803393 100.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> 3 1.08671885 0.35147431 100.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> 4 0.24802703 0.06898727 68.7 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:18> 5 0.27916930 0.10204017 100.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 6 0.23592052 0.07559556 75.3 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 7 0.07151115 0.02303300 22.3 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 8 0.01685863 0.00552451 4.6 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 9 0.00174855 0.00063848 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 10 0.00002027 0.00000760 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 11 0.00000123 0.00000046 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> SCF converged <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> 12 0.00000002 0.00000001 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:19> >>>> TOTEN <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> POPAN <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> DEBYE <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> ENGRAD <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> current energy -0.68670936 Hartree <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> energy change -0.68670936 0.00100000 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> constrained gradient max 0.11192343 0.00100000 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> constrained gradient rms 0.04879776 0.00066667 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> gradient max 0.11192343 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> gradient rms 0.04879776 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> cart. step max 0.03531494 0.01000000 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> cart. step rms 0.01464807 0.00666667 F Coordinates in Geometry Cycle 2 Atom X Y Z (Angstrom) 1.H 0.000000 0.000000 -1.563358 2.C 0.000000 0.000000 0.627601 3.N 0.000000 0.000000 -0.541887 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> CORORT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> CLSMAT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> ORTHON <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> GENPT <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> Block Length= 128 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> PTBAS <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> >>>> CYCLE <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> |Error| MaxErr Wt(A-DIIS) <Mar07-2019> <13:13:20> 1 0.04530074 0.02204078 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 2 0.04211671 0.01487289 100.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 3 0.12797582 0.04839193 100.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 4 0.04012028 0.01488667 14.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 5 0.00064753 0.00021978 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 6 0.00024645 0.00007651 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 7 0.00001225 0.00000408 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 8 0.00000059 0.00000024 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> SCF converged <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> 9 0.00000014 0.00000006 0.0 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:21> >>>> TOTEN <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> >>>> POPAN <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> >>>> DEBYE <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> >>>> ENGRAD <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> current energy -0.68861302 Hartree <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> energy change -0.00190366 0.00100000 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> constrained gradient max 0.04567313 0.00100000 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> constrained gradient rms 0.01873026 0.00066667 F <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> gradient max 0.04567313 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> gradient rms 0.01873026 <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> cart. step max 0.00646738 0.01000000 T <Mar07-2019> <13:13:22> cart. step rms 0.00278283 0.00666667 T
首先列出了分子的结构坐标,然后开始自洽迭代的方式,求解该结构的电子态,求解过程如下所示:
这里显示了SCF converged,即表示电子态的自洽迭代求解收敛了,然后就可以计算整个体系的能量、能量梯度等信息。因此后面显示出能量、梯度等信息:
这里出现5个T,则表示几何结构优化收敛了,即达到了结构优化的标准。
从上面可以看出,结构优化顺利进行的前提,就是电子的自洽迭代求解收敛,没有它结构优化就无法进行。