溶剂化自由能涉及到三个概念:
三项能量的加和得到了溶剂化自由能(free energy of solvation)。本文以乙醇的水溶液为例说明。
从理论上来讲,这种溶剂化自由能定义无法考虑温度因素,因此在计算溶剂中的化学反应的时候,并不使用这种方法。
计算完毕之后,点击SCM LOGO > Output > Properties > Bonding Energy Decomposition:
hartree eV kcal/mol kJ/mol -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- Pauli Repulsion Kinetic (Delta T^0): 14.497580325209100 394.4992 9097.37 38063.39 Delta V^Pauli Coulomb: -7.494397827228694 -203.9329 -4702.81 -19676.54 Delta V^Pauli LDA-XC: -1.901989307460891 -51.7558 -1193.52 -4993.67 Delta V^Pauli GGA-Exchange: 0.075557318257111 2.0560 47.41 198.38 Delta V^Pauli GGA-Correlation: -0.025815888798236 -0.7025 -16.20 -67.78 -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- Total Pauli Repulsion: 5.150934619978390 140.1641 3232.26 13523.78 (Total Pauli Repulsion = Delta E^Pauli in BB paper) Steric Interaction Pauli Repulsion (Delta E^Pauli): 5.150934619978390 140.1641 3232.26 13523.78 Electrostatic Interaction: -1.027662205887210 -27.9641 -644.87 -2698.13 (Electrostatic Interaction = Delta V_elstat in the BB paper) -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- Total Steric Interaction: 4.123272414091180 112.2000 2587.39 10825.65 (Total Steric Interaction = Delta E^0 in the BB paper) Orbital Interactions A: -5.878082223362767 -159.9508 -3688.55 -15432.90 -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- Total Orbital Interactions: -5.878082223362765 -159.9508 -3688.55 -15432.90 Alternative Decomposition Orb.Int. Kinetic: -12.874835352590662 -350.3421 -8079.08 -33802.88 Coulomb: 6.744367507777624 183.5236 4232.15 17707.33 XC: 0.252385621450268 6.8678 158.37 662.64 -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------- Total Orbital Interactions: -5.878082223362770 -159.9508 -3688.55 -15432.90 Residu (E=Steric+OrbInt+Res): -0.000001286513520 0.0000 0.00 0.00 Solvation Energy (el): -0.009421636565212 -0.2564 -5.91 -24.74 Post-SCF Solvation Energies Solvation Energy (cd): 0.000954860965897 0.0260 0.60 2.51 Total Bonding Energy: -1.763277871384419 -47.9812 -1106.47 -4629.49
其中Solvation Energy (el)表示electrostatic energy,Solvation Energy (cd)表示cavity formation Energy+dispersion repulsion Energy。这里,二者el、cd分别为-5.91 kcal/mol、0.60 kcal/mol。
三项之和,即为溶剂化自由能(Free Energy of Solvation)。
另有一种使用COSMO-RS方法计算溶剂化Gibbs自由能的方式,参考:COSMO-RS计算溶剂化自由能